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Epigenetic Modulation and Other Options to Improve Outcome of Stem Cell Transplantation in MDS

Correspondence: Prof. Dr. med. Nicolaus Kröger, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg; Phone: +49 40 42803 5864; Fax:+49 40 42803 3795; e-mail: nkroeger{at}uke.uni-hamburg.de

Abstract

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation can cure patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. However, more than 50% of the patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation have failed to benefit from this treatment approach either due to treatment-related mortality or to relapse. The introduction of toxicity or dose-reduced conditioning has significantly reduced the treatment-related mortality but did not affect the risk of relapse. New effective drugs, such as hypomethylating agents, histone-deacetylase inhibitors or lenalidomide, can be used alone or in combination to improve the pretransplant remission status before allogeneic stem cell transplantation or after transplantation to prevent relapse as maintenance or consolidation therapy. This review will focus on these new possibilities and give some perspectives as to how the results of allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be further improved

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